Powering Immersion Cooling Data Centers with FSP's Power Solutions
Immersion cooling data centers: Explore how this tech boosts efficiency and shapes power supply design for sustainable performance.
Author: FSP Power Solution GmbH
Immersion cooling is transforming the way modern data centers manage heat — especially in AI, HPC, and hyperscale environments. As thermal demands in data centers increase, so do the challenges for power supply design in submerged systems. This article explores how immersion cooling works, why it's gaining ground in the industry, and what data center operators must consider when selecting power supplies. Explore how high-efficiency, corrosion-resistant PSUs from FSP Power Solution enable reliable performance and energy savings in immersion-cooled data centers.
What is Immersion Cooling in a Data Center?
Immersion cooling is a data center cooling method where servers are fully submerged in a non-conductive liquid — such as synthetic hydrocarbons or fluorinated fluids — to transfer heat directly from components. This eliminates the need for traditional air-based heat dissipation systems.
Compared to air cooling, immersion cooling significantly improves thermal efficiency. According to Data Center Frontier, it can reduce Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) to as low as 1.03, versus the typical 1.5 for air-cooled systems — delivering up to 50% energy savings. Additionally, Global Growth Insight reports a 25% increase in server hardware lifespan, thanks to reduced thermal stress.
Why Immersion Cooling Data Centers Impact Power Supply Design
Immersion cooling data centers are transforming how operators manage heat, density, and energy efficiency in AI, HPC, and edge computing environments. While the thermal loads increase, traditional air-cooled systems face limits in efficiency and environmental control — struggling with issues like humidity, dust, and static buildup.
Immersion cooling solves these problems by submerging servers in dielectric fluids. This technology eliminates airflow limitations and significantly improves thermal performance. However, it also introduces critical design challenges — especially for power supply units (PSUs).
Unlike traditional air-cooled systems, immersion cooling places power electronics in close contact with dielectric fluids. This means conventional PSU design won't cut it — moisture protection, thermal tolerance, and compact layouts are critical. Choosing the right power supply is essential not only to maintain system uptime but also to protect costly infrastructure from short circuits or power loss risks.
At FSP Power Solution, we develop immersion-ready PSUs engineered specifically for these challenges — supporting safe, energy-efficient, and future-proof deployments in next-generation data centers.
What Are The Key Power Supply Requirements for Immersion Cooling Data Centers?
1. High Efficiency and Reliability
Immersion cooling data centers demand PSUs with high conversion efficiency to reduce heat and energy loss. FSP designs meet global safety standards and offer stable output even under continuous high-load conditions.
2. Compact, High-Density Design
To fit within a confined chassis submerged in liquid, PSUs must be compact without sacrificing power. FSP's high-density modules provide robust output in minimal space.
3. Corrosion and Heat Resistance
Components are exposed to dielectric fluids and elevated temperatures. FSP PSUs use corrosion-resistant coatings, sealed PCB designs, and thermally optimized layouts to ensure long-term durability.
4. Scalability and Redundancy
Modern data centers must scale fast. FSP supports modular PSU architectures with redundancy options to ensure uninterrupted operation and flexible power expansion.
Why FSP Power Supplies Are Ideal for Immersion Cooling Data Centers?
In immersion cooling data centers, where servers operate fully submerged in dielectric liquids, conventional power supplies fall short. FSP's CRPS power supplies — delivering up to 3200W with 80 PLUS Titanium efficiency — are purpose-built to overcome these for these challenging environments. With corrosion-resistant design, advanced protections, and real-time system monitoring, they ensure long-term stability, energy savings, and safety in high-density AI and HPC deployments.
Engineered for Immersion Environments
- Corrosion-Resistant Materials
All critical components are built with moisture- and corrosion-resistant coatings, ensuring long-term operation in liquid-filled environments without degradation.
- 80 PLUS Titanium Efficiency
With up to 96% conversion efficiency at 50% load, these PSUs reduce internal heat generation and power waste—supporting better overall thermal balance inside the immersion tank.
- High Reliability with 250K-Hour MTBF
Designed for 250,000 hours of continuous operation at 55°C with a 75% output load, these power supplies deliver unmatched durability in high-temperature, high-demand applications.
- Comprehensive Circuit Protection
Integrated OCP (Over Current Protection), OVP (Over Voltage Protection), OTP (Over Temperature Protection), and short-circuit protection on all outputs protect both the PSU and the connected hardware from thermal or electrical failure.
- Real-Time Monitoring via PMBus 1.2
Advanced PMBus integration enables real-time monitoring and control of key operating parameters, offering system-level insights for preventive maintenance and load balancing.
- Wide Operating Temperature Range
With a rated range of 0 to 55°C, these PSUs function reliably under fluctuating tank temperatures and high server densities.
- Compact CRPS Form Factor
The standardized CRPS layout supports flexible deployment in space-constrained high-density systems while maintaining airflow channels for hybrid setups.
- Global Safety and EMC certifications
Fully compliant with IEC/EN 62368 and other international standards, ensuring cross-border deployability without certification issues.
Recommended FSP Models for Immersion Cooling Data Centers
Each model delivers high wattage, robust performance, and integration-ready features, making FSP the trusted partner for immersion cooling adoption in AI, HPC, and hyperscale infrastructures.
One-Stop Power Procurement with FSP
FSP Power Solution offers Europe-based engineering support, fast product availability, and tailored advice for immersion-ready deployments. Whether you're building from scratch or retrofitting for immersion, we provide end-to-end power supply solutions — built for long-term ROI and industrial-grade reliability.
Contact our team to discuss your immersion power needs or request a sample for evaluation.
Q&A: Power Supply for Immersion Cooling Data Centers
1. How to choose the right power supply for immersion cooling systems?
- High power density to fit into immersion tanks or high-density racks
- High-performance conversion to minimize energy loss and heat generation
- Modular architecture to support scalable AI and HPC infrastructure
- Corrosion-resistant materials to withstand direct exposure to dielectric fluids
- Thermal tolerance to operate reliably at temperatures up to 55°C
- Integrated protection like OCP, OTP, OVP, and short-circuit safeguards
FSP's CRPS series exemplifies these features—engineered for long-term reliability in submerged environments.
2. Why is power supply design critical in immersion-cooling data centers?
Immersion cooling eliminates traditional airflow, placing PSUs in fluid-filled environments. This demands:
- Specialized waterproof and corrosion-resistant design
- Enhanced thermal performance to withstand 55°C operation
- Consistent electrical isolation and safety compliance
Without proper design, risks like short circuits, efficiency loss, or system downtime increase.
3. What are the efficiency advantages of immersion-ready power supplies?
FSP's immersion-ready CRPS power supplies feature:
- Up to 80 Plus Titanium efficiency for minimal heat output
- 250,000 hours MTBF at 55°C / 75% load, ensuring durability
- Real-time monitoring via PMBus for intelligent system control
These contribute to lower PUE, longer system lifespan, and reduced operational costs.
4. How do FSP power supplies support immersion cooling infrastructure?
FSP's CRPS HM series (up to 3200W) is purpose-built for immersion-cooled AI and HPC systems. They feature:
- Dielectric-compatible designs
- PMBus integration for remote monitoring
- Compliance with global safety and EMC standards
- High-density design for easy integration in rack or tank systems
- Certified protection: OCP, OTP, OVP. and short-circuit protection
- Global safety compliance (IEC/UL/EN standards)
5. What are the key benefits of using immersion-ready power supplies from FSP?
FSP immersion-ready PSUs deliver:
- Stable and efficient power conversion even in fluid environments
- Lower risk of downtime with robust protection and long operational life
- Energy saving through Titanium-grade efficiency
- Flexibility for AI, HPC, telecom, and industrial applications
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About FSP
FSP Group is one of the global leading power supply manufacturer. Since 1993, FSP Group has followed the management conception "service, profession, and innovation" to fulfill its responsibilities as a green energy resolution supplier.